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# Exclusion zone is ordered by electric field from adsorbate-bulk water auto-ionization
Water at hydrophilic surfaces forms a 0.3 mm thick layer that excludes particles. This layer has been named the "exclusion zone". This phenomenon has been controversial since no model to explain it has been found that did not break the laws of physics. Meanwhile, water at hydrophilic surfaces also forms a 2-3 atomic layers thick (~1 nm) adsorbed phase, an effect that is well established and not controverial. The physical principles that cause the "exclusion zone" to form can be found in the adsorbate, and the well known charge separation effect that results from asymmetry in mobility of charge carriers. The H+ donated from adsorbate to bulk water is mobile while the OH- is immobilized within the adsorbate, so the H+ diffuses outwards and builds an electric field. This electric field polarizes adjacent water molecules, and this explains the physical force behind the "ordered water" in the exclusion zone.