0x668143c4…385fsent to0x9e4e9d99…a81d·#10,738,131·view on Etherscan
The glomerular filtration reflex in the juxtaglomerular apparatus is likely monitoring the passive single effect Kokko & Rector alluded to in 1972 (Kokko, 1972; Sands, 2009). This passive osmotic multiplier is generated by the resistance peak at the thin segment that Mark Knepper has documented (Knepper, 2018), and that is self-evident based on standard fluid dynamics. Harold Layton alluded to the passive osmotic multiplier as well (Layton, 2011), and he also referenced Berliner who also alluded to the same mechanism (Berliner, 1958).
Synapses
Kokko, J. P., & Rector, F. C., Jr. (1972). Countercurrent multiplication system without active transport in inner medulla. Kidney International, 2(4), 214 223. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.1972.97
Sands, J. M., & Layton, H. E. (2009). The Physiology of Urinary Concentration: An Update. Seminars in Nephrology, 29(3), 178 195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2009.03.008
Gilmer, G. G., Deshpande, V. G., Chou, C.-L., & Knepper, M. (2018). Flow resistance along the rat renal tubule. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 315(5), F1398 F1405. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00219.2018
Layton, A. T., & Layton, H. E. (2011). Countercurrent multiplication may not explain the axial osmolality gradient in the outer medulla of the rat kidney. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 301(5), F1047 F1056. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00620.2010
Berliner, R. W., Levinsky, N. G., Davidson, D. G., & Eden, M. (1958). Dilution and concentration of the urine and the action of antidiuretic hormone. The American Journal of Medicine, 24(5), 730 744. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(58)90377-2