0x668143c4…385fsent to0x9e4e9d99…a81d·#12,953,585·view on Etherscan
The pressure from glomerular filtration pushing water into the thin descending limb, and against the epithelium in it, is generating a charge polarized phase of water against the surface, that is positively charged towards the lumen, causing it to repel itself, and pump protons and electrons across the thin epithelium (while producing dioxygen), that recombine with dioxygen in the ascending vasa recta to produce water, that is transported out into the interlobular vein. This makes the filtrate that passes into the medulla and through the bend of the loop of Henle hypertonic, allowing water to transport from the collecting duct into the thin ascending limb, osmotically, aided by the continuous lumen diameter increase in the thin ascending segment, and the dioxygen produced in the thin descending limb. The generation of an "osmotic" removal of water from the thin descending limb, generated by "diametric repulsion" on the surface phase of water, is the physiological basis of the kidney. It is maintained by the juxtaglomerular apparatus, where macula densa cells at the distal convoluted tubule sense the osmolarity of the filtrate, the balance between water removal at the thin descending limb, and water transfer from the collecting duct into the thin ascending limb, and increase glomerular filtration pressure by release of renin that constricts the efferent arteriole, as well as activates systemic endocrine systems that increase pressure in the renal artery. The pressure from the heart is prioritized for juxtamedullary nephrons, that are supplied by more proximal branches from the interlobular artery, and has loops of Henle that dive deep into the medulla, and cortical nephrons receive lower pressure, and have lower glomerular filtration pressure.